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PHOBIA LIBRARY

Read up on fear, panic and phobia to get a general overview of phobias and trauma and fear management. Learn mindfulness based self care principles and exercises for managing phobias from my books on trauma and self care.
JUMP TO A CHAPTER
​ Fear | Function | Thought | Treatment | Coping
For Help See: Fear in the Brain | Fear Dictionary

THE LIBRARY TOPIC HOME PAGES
​
​Introduction to Trauma, Fear and Phobia
Part 1: ​Defining Fear and the Fear Response
Part 2: Emotional & Cognitive Functions of Fear
Part 3: Maladaptive Thought Processing
​Part 4: Professional Therapy & Mindful Self Care
​THE PHOBIA COLLECTION DOWNLOADS
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Browse Collection of Phobias by Topic
Download Collection of Phobias
Download Dictionary of Fear and Phobia
Download Self Care Guides for Coping

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PART TWO - FUNCTIONS
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​BRAIN FUNCTIONS OF FEAR
MEMORY & EMOTION
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Articles defining the structure and characteristics of the emotional center (emotions, feelings, stressors, triggers) and the memory functions that affect fear, phobia, anxiety and panic

NEXT >> EMOTIONS

BRAIN FUNCTIONS DIRECTORY

Function of Memory
  • Mind Your Memory and Processes of Fear​​
  • Memory Effects on Other Functions
  • Memory Types Serve Different Functions​
Functions of Emotions and Feelings
  • Role of Emotions & Emotional Responses​
  • Characteristics of the Emotion of Fear
  • Feeling the Feelings
  • Defining the Feelings of Fear
  • Feelings You Can’t Define
​
Download the Dictionary of the Mind and Brain for help on the terms in this section

See Also
Structural Functions of the Brain
Neuroplasticity (Rewiring Your Brain)


RELATED SELF CARE GUIDES BY KAIROS
​View All Downloads
​
  • Uncovering the Traumatized Brain
  • Riding the Crazy Train of Emotions
  • Promoting Mindful Self Care​
  • Principles of Mindfulness for the Soul​
  • ​All Brain and Mind Glossaries​

​Phobia Home | Library Home | Topic Home
ALL CONTENT PROVIDED BY MY BOOKS ON MINDFUL SELF CARE FOR TRAUMA AND FEAR
Download for Free Here

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MIND YOUR​ MEMORY
EACH TYPE OF MEMORY SERVES A DIFFERENT FUNCTION


TYPES OF MEMORY

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Memory is often understood as an informational processing system with explicit and implicit functioning that is made up of a sensory processor, short-term (or working) memory, and long-term memory. The sensory processor allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the stimuli and affected to various levels of focus and intent. Finally, the function of long-term memory is to store data through various categorical models or systems.

Encoding refers to the process of interpreting incoming stimuli and combining the processed information. At the encoding level the following mechanisms have been suggested as mediators of emotion effects on memory:
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Declarative, or explicit, memory is the conscious storage and recollection of data. Under declarative memory resides semantic and episodic memory.

Semantic memory refers to memory that is encoded with specific meaning, while episodic memory refers to information that is encoded along a spatial and temporal plane.

Declarative memory is usually the primary process thought of when referencing memory. Non-declarative, or implicit, memory is the unconscious storage and recollection of information. An example of a non-declarative process would be the unconscious learning or retrieval of information through procedural memory, or priming. Priming is the process of subliminally arousing specific responses from memory and shows that not all memory is consciously activated, whereas procedural memory is the slow and gradual learning of skills that often occurs without conscious attention to learning.

Episodic memory becomes less accessible over time, and the reliance on semantic memory to remember past emotions increases. The long term recall of emotions was more in line with the primed opinions, showing that long term recall of emotions was heavily influenced by current opinions.

Sensory memory holds sensory information less than one second after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item and remember what it looked like with just a split second of observation, or memorization, is the example of sensory memory. It is out of cognitive control and is an automatic response. Three types of sensory memories exist.
  • Iconic memory is a fast decaying store of visual information; a type of sensory memory that briefly stores an image which has been perceived for a small duration.
  • Echoic memory is a fast decaying store of auditory information, another type of sensory memory that briefly stores sounds that have been perceived for short durations.
  • Haptic memory is a type of sensory memory that represents a database for touch stimuli.

Short-term memory is also known as working memory. Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. Its capacity is also very limited: the storage of short-term memory is shown to be 7±2 items. Modern estimates of the capacity of short-term memory are lower, typically of the order of 4–5 items; however, memory capacity can be increased through a process called chunking. For example, in recalling a ten-digit telephone number, a person could chunk the digits into three groups: first, the area code (such as 123), then a three-digit chunk (456) and lastly a four-digit chunk (7890). This method of remembering telephone numbers is far more effective than attempting to remember a string of 10 digits; this is because we are able to chunk the information into meaningful groups of numbers. This may be reflected in some countries in the tendency to display telephone numbers as several chunks of two to four numbers.

The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally has a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). Its capacity is immeasurable. For example, given a random seven-digit number, one may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in short-term memory. On the other hand, one can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory.

While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically. Another part of long-term memory is episodic memory, "which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'". With episodic memory, individuals are able to recall specific events such as birthday parties and weddings. The memories are effected by emotional arousal.

Short-term memory is supported by patterns of neural communication and are dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially the prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memory, on the other hand, is maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential (for learning new information) to the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory. It does not seem to store information itself. The hippocampus may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning.

Working memory serves as an encoding and retrieval processor. Stimuli is encoded in accordance with explicit or implicit functions by the working memory processor. The working memory also retrieves information from previously stored material. Working memory consists of three basic stores: the central executive, the phonological loop and the visuo-spatial sketchpad. The central executive essentially acts as an attention sensory store. It channels information to the three component processes.
  • The phonological loop stores auditory information by silently rehearsing sounds or words in a continuous loop: the articulatory process (for example the repetition of a telephone number over and over again). A short list of data is easier to remember.
  • The visuospatial sketchpad stores visual and spatial information. It is engaged when performing spatial tasks (such as judging distances) or visual ones (such as counting the windows on a house or imagining images).
  • The episodic buffer is dedicated to linking information across domains to form integrated units of visual, spatial, and verbal information and chronological ordering (e.g., the memory of a story or a movie scene). The episodic buffer is also assumed to have links to long-term memory and semantic meaning.

The working memory model explains many practical observations, such as why it is easier to do two different tasks (one verbal and one visual) than two similar tasks (e.g., two visual), and the aforementioned word-length effect. Working memory is also the premise for what allows us to do everyday activities involving thought. It is the section of memory where we carry out thought processes and use them to learn and reason about topics.

It has been suggested that, in the case of anxiety, part of working memory may be taken up with our awareness of fears and worries, leaving less capacity available for processing.
NEXT >> EMOTIONS

MORE ON BRAIN FUNCTIONS
  • Mind Your Memory and Processes of Fear​​
  • Memory Effects on Other Functions
  • Memory Types Serve Different Functions​
  • Role of Emotions & Emotional Responses​
  • Characteristics of the Emotion of Fear
  • Feeling the Feelings
  • Defining the Feelings of Fear
  • Feelings You Can’t Define

This content is provided for informational purposes only. Author is not a medical professional. Talk to your doctor to determine what therapy is right for you.
Self care techniques are meant to supplement professional treatment not replace it.
DISCLAIMER OF THE LEARNING LIBRARY

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BROWSE PHOBIA COLLECTION​
​Phobia collection is presented in eight themed parts

​VIEW LIST INDEX or ​JUMP TO A PART
PART [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ]

START PHOBIA COLLECTION
PHOBIA COLLECTION BY TOPIC​
common
~ abstract ~ ordinary ~ bizarre ~ catastrophic ~ psyche ~ icky - academic ~ knowledge ~ education ~ literary ~ art ~ music ~ religion ~ political ~ law ~ order military ~ war ~ discrimination ~ science ~ chemical ~ energy ~
time ~ numbers ~ technology ~ nature ~ environment ~ astronomy ~ weather ~ geography ~ people ~ family ~ community ~ anatomy ~ medical ~ disease ~ emotions ~ senses ~ sensations ~ movement ~ conditions~ love ~ relationships ~ sexuality ~ lifestyle ~ places ~ events ~ objects ~ clothing ~ tools ~ vehicles ~ home ~ cooking ~ food ~ entertainment ~ sports ~ recreation ~ toys ~ games ~ monsters ~ characters ~ spooky ~ nightmares ~ delusional ~ joke ~ fiction

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All the phobias in one download. Browse by both topic/subject and by alphabetized list
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​OTHER PHOBIA AND FEAR DOWNLOADS:
​Dictionary of Trauma, Phobia and Fear
Self Care Guides for Fear & Phobias
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DOWNLOAD PHOBIA COLLECTION

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Phobia articles provided by my self care series Healing the PTSD Mind ​ and my series on mindfulness based self care Be Mindful Be Well​. These self directed guides are written from a trauma perspective but the content applies to the symptoms of phobia like fear and panic. ​Learn and simple self care techniques with mindfulness.
BE MINDFUL. BE WELL. TRY MINDFULNESS​.
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  • Beautifully Obscure Words
    • Tracing the Etymology of a Word
    • Typing the Typeface of Writing Types
    • WORD LIST: Feelings and Emotions >
      • FEATURE: Our Capacity for Love
    • FEATURED WORD LIST COLLECTIONS
    • BEAUTIFUL WORD LISTS
    • WORD LIST: Translating Your World >
      • Index of Untranslatable Words (Alphabetical)
  • WORD LIST: Rolling Log of Beautiful Words
  • WORD LIST: The Languages From Around the World
    • FEATURE: Words of the World >
      • DEFINING LOVE with a French Romance >
        • Fantastic Flair of Everyday French - Nature
  • IT’S ABOUT TIME! Website Housekeeping
    • FULL SITE INDEX - SITEMAP - All the Beautiful Words
    • A SERIES OF BEAUTIFUL WORDS - My Vocabulary Books and Blogs >
      • Download - The Logophile Lexicon - Words About Words
  • WORD LIST: People, Places and Things
    • To Sleep Perchance to Dream
  • WRITING SYSTEMS