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​​​RHETORICAL RHAPSODY HOME
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​DIRECTORY OF DEVICES

Dramatic Imagery and Expressive Emphasis
Tale of Context and Meaning
Slapstick Comedy of Humor and Wit
The Creative Use of Language
Rhetorical Repetition for Emphasis
Relating to the Word Relations
The Art of a Persuasive Argument


GLOSSARIES OF RHETORIC
Factoring in the Figures of Speech
Methods to Heighten Dramatic Effect
Glossary of Rhetorical Terms

See Also: Literary Devices | Poetic Devices

​THE RHAPSODY IS A SPECIAL FEATURE OF
TOUCH OF THE INTELLECT
Knowledge - Profound - ​Speech ~ Grammar
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DIRECTORY OF GLOSSARIES

​​FACTORING IN THE FIGURES OF SPEECH
Schemas ~ Tropes​ ~ Effects

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​​TECHNICAL TERMS OF RHETORIC
From (A - F) ~ ​From (G - N) ~ From O - Z

FACTORING IN THE
​FIGURE OF SPEECH

A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that entails an intentional deviation from ordinary language use in order to produce a rhetorical (figurative) effect.
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HEIGHTEN THE EFFECTS

This glossary defines the various methods used in speech to heighten the dramatic effect. The methods are generally intended to appeal to emotion (shock, humor, indignation etc).
​This list is formed of devices, figures of speech and general concepts.

KEY TERM: AMPLIFICATION
The act and the means of extending thoughts or statements to increase rhetorical effect, to add importance, or to make the most of a thought or circumstance

Absurdity - the exaggeration of a point beyond belief

Accumulatio - the emphasis or summary of previously made points or inferences by excessive praise or accusation

Acutezza - wit or wordplay used in rhetoric

Ad hominem - rebutting an argument by attacking the character, motive, or other attribute of the person making it rather than the substance of the argument itself

Ambigua - an ambiguous statement used in making puns

Adianoeta - a phrase carrying two meanings: an obvious meaning and a second, more subtle and ingenious one

Amphiboly or Amphibology - a sentence that may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous structure

Anecdote - a brief narrative describing an interesting or amusing event

Antanaclasis - figure of speech involving a pun, consisting of the repeated use of the same word, each time with different meanings

Anticlimax - a bathetic collapse from an elevated subject to a mundane or vulgar one a specialized form of catacosmesis

Apophasis or Apophesis - pretending to deny something as a means of implicitly affirming it as paralipsis, mentioning something by saying that you will not mention it the opposite of occupatio
Aporia a declaration of doubt, made for rhetorical purpose and often feigned

Apostrophe - figure of speech consisting of a sudden turn in a text towards an exclamatory address to an imaginary person or a thing

Aporia - a declaration of doubt, made for rhetorical purpose and often feigned

Aposiopesis - an abrupt stop in the middle of a sentence; used by a speaker to convey unwillingness or inability to complete a thought or statement

Auxesis - to place words or phrases in a certain order for climactic effect

Barbarism - use of a non-standard word, expression or pronunciation in a language, particularly one prescriptively regarded as an error in morphology

Bathos - an emotional appeal that inadvertently evokes laughter or ridicule

Bdelygmia - expression of hatred or contempt

Bomphiologia - bombastic speech: a rhetorical technique wherein the speaker brags excessively

Buzzword - word or phrase used to impress, or one that is fashionable

Chreia - anecdote (a deed, a saying, a situation) involving a well-known figure

Circumlocution - use of many words where a few would do

Cookery - Plato believed rhetoric was to truth as cookery was to medicine cookery disguises itself as medicine and appears to be more pleasing, when in actuality it has no real benefit

Catachresis - the inexact use of a similar word in place of the proper one to create an unlikely metaphor for example (from rhetorica ad herennium), "the power of man is short" or "the long wisdom in the man"

Colloquialism - word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation

Delectare - to delight; viewed by Cicero as one of the three goals of rhetoric

Descriptio - clear, lucid, and vivid description (especially of the potential consequences of some action)

Diminutio (related to meiosis, litotes) - a form of understatement, and implication of more than the words say

Dissoi logoi - contradictory arguments

Dramatistic - the way to look at the nature of language stressing on language as an action ex uses expressions such as 'thou shalt' and 'thou shalt not'

Dysphemism - a term with negative associations for something in reality fairly innocuous or inoffensive

Ecphonesis - sentence consisting of a single word or short phrase ending with an exclamation point

Ellipse - the suppression of ancillary words to render an expression more lively or more forceful

Elocutio - in the classical theory of the production of a speech (pronuntiatio), elocution refers to the stage of elaborating the wording of a text, using correct grammar and diction

Enallage - the switching of grammatical forms for an expressive purpose

Epideictic ceremonial rhetoric - such as might be found in a funeral or victory speech

Epithet - term used as a descriptive and qualifying substitute for the name of a person, place or thing

Eristic - communicating with the aim of winning the argument regardless of truth the idea is not necessarily to lie, but to present the communication so cleverly that the audience is persuaded by the power of the presentation

Erotema - the so-called 'rhetorical question', where a question is asked to which an answer is not expected

Ethopoeia - the act of putting oneself into the character of another to convey that persons feelings and thoughts more vividly

Exclamatio (apostrophe) - an expression of grief or indignation, addressed to a person, place, or object

Exemplum - the citation of an example, either truthful or fictitious

Fable - short allegorical story

Facetiae - Latin for humor or wit

Fictio - the attribution of rational traits to non-rational creatures

Graecismus - the use of Greek idiom

Hyperbole - a figure of speech where emphasis is achieved through exaggeration, independently or through comparison

Icon - using imagery to create resemblance

Identification - connecting with a larger group through a shared interpretation or understanding of a larger concept

Ignoratio elenchi - a conclusion that is irrelevant

Imitatio - Latin for imitation

Indignatio - to arouse indignation in the audience

Insultatio - abusing a person to his/her face by using irony and derisive language

Loci - jokes

Irony - deliberate contrast between indirect and direct meaning to draw attention to the opposite
Isocolon a string of phrases of corresponding structure and equal length

Kolakeia - flattery; telling people what they want to hear while disregarding their best interests; employed by sophistic rhetoricians

Material fallacy - false notion concerning the subject matter of an argument

Metanarrative - universal theories positing to know all aspects of humanity

Narration - storytelling, involving the elements of time, place, actor, action, cause and manner

Negatio - to negate or deny

Noema - speech that is deliberately subtle or obscure

Non sequitur - a statement bearing no relationship to the preceding context

Onomatopoeia - words that imitate the sounds, objects, or actions they refer to (ex "buzz", "hullabaloo", "bling")

Oxymoron - opposed or markedly contradictory terms joined together for emphasis

Paradiastole - Greek for redescription - usually in a better light

Paradox - an apparently absurd or self-contradictory statement or proposition

Paralipsis - a form of apophasis when a rhetor introduces a subject by denying it should be discussed to speak of someone or something by claiming not to

Paraprosdokian -!a sentence in which the latter half takes an unexpected turn

Parody - to imitate something or somebody comically

Paronomasia - a pun, a play on words, often for humorous effect

Periphrasis - the substitution of many or several words where one would suffice; usually to avoid using that particular word

Personification - a figure of speech that gives human characteristics to inanimate objects, or represents an absent person as being present

Pleonasm - the use of more words than necessary to express an idea

Polysemy - the capacity of a word or phrase to render more than one meaning

Praecisio -!the act of breaking off abruptly, aposiopesis

Pragmatographia - the description of an action

Presumption - an idea that is reasonable or acceptable only until it is sufficiently challenged

Preterition - mentioning something by professing to omit it

Priamel - a series of compared alternatives which serve as foils to the true subject

Prolepsis - a literary device in which a future state is spoken of in the present; for example, a condemned man may be called a "dead man walking"

Proof surrogate - an expression used to suggest that there is evidence or authority for a claim without actually citing such evidence or authority

Prosopopoeia - speaking as another person or object; in a sense, the inverse of apostrophe

Sannio - Laton for the fool; the role to avoid when using humor in a speech

Scare-line - word or phrase that is quoted to scare the reader, or, in a political campaign, to smear an opposing candidate, or to cause an estrangement or cause something to seem unfamiliar in a supernatural way

Solecismus - ignorantly misusing tenses, cases, and genders

Soraismus - the ignorant or affected mingling of languages

Spoonerism - the deliberate or involuntary switching of sounds or morphemes between two words of a phrase, rendering a new meaning

Sprezzatura - the ability to appear that there is seemingly little effort used to attain success the art of being able to show that one is able to deceive

Straw man - an argument that is a logical fallacy based on misrepresentation of an opponent's position

Structural ambiguity - a sentence that may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous structure

Synchysis - word order confusion within a sentence

Syntactic ambiguity - a sentence that may be interpreted in more than one way due to ambiguous structure

Tapinosis - language or epithet that is debasing. This term is synonymous with meiosis (figure of speech)

Topographia - the description of a place

Topothesia - the description of an imaginary or non-existent place

Tropes - figure of speech that uses a word aside from its literal meaning

Understatement - a form of irony, also called litotes, in which something is represented as less than it really is, with the intent of drawing attention to and emphasizing the opposite meaning

Validity claim - claiming to have made a correct statement

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​​FACTORING IN THE FIGURES OF SPEECH
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​​TECHNICAL TERMS OF RHETORIC
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  • Beautifully Obscure Words
    • Tracing the Etymology of a Word
    • Typing the Typeface of Writing Types
    • WORD LIST: Feelings and Emotions >
      • FEATURE: Our Capacity for Love
    • FEATURED WORD LIST COLLECTIONS
    • BEAUTIFUL WORD LISTS
    • WORD LIST: Translating Your World >
      • Index of Untranslatable Words (Alphabetical)
  • WORD LIST: Rolling Log of Beautiful Words
  • WORD LIST: The Languages From Around the World
    • FEATURE: Words of the World >
      • DEFINING LOVE with a French Romance >
        • Fantastic Flair of Everyday French - Nature
  • IT’S ABOUT TIME! Website Housekeeping
    • FULL SITE INDEX - SITEMAP - All the Beautiful Words
    • A SERIES OF BEAUTIFUL WORDS - My Vocabulary Books and Blogs >
      • Download - The Logophile Lexicon - Words About Words
  • WORD LIST: People, Places and Things
    • To Sleep Perchance to Dream
  • WRITING SYSTEMS