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Figuring Out
​ FIGURES OF SPEECH


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Alliteration of Ambiguity - Literary Devices
Rhetorical Rhapsody - Rhetorical Devices
Paradox of Puns - Poetic Devices

A figure of speech or rhetorical figure is a word or phrase that entails an intentional deviation from ordinary language use in order to do produce a rhetorical effect. Figures of speech are classified into schemes, which vary the ordinary sequence or pattern of words, and tropes, where words are made to carry a meaning other than what they ordinarily signify.

The figures of speech are classified into four categories:

ADDITION: (adiectio), also called repetition, expansion, superabundance

OMISSION (detractio), also called subtraction, abridgement

TRANSPOSITION (transmutatio), also called transferring

PERMUTATION (immutatio), also called switching, interchange, substitution, transmutation


ALLITERATION: A figure of speech in which there is repetition of an initial consonant sound. Example: “She sells seashells by the seashore.”

ANAPHORA: A figure of speech in which there is repetition of the same word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses or verses. Example: “I was in the wrong place at the wrong time on the wrong day.”

ANTITHESIS: A figure of speech with the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas in balanced phrases. Example: "Folks who have no vices have very few virtues."

APOSTROPHE: A figure of speech in which the speaker directly addresses a nonexistent person or an inanimate object as though it were a living thing. Example: "Oh, you stupid television, you never work when I need you to"

ASSONANCE: A figure of speech in which there is a similarity in sounds between internal vowels in neighboring words. Example: “How now, brown cow?”

CHIASMUS: A figure of speech in which a verbal pattern is made with the second half of an expression balanced against the first but with the parts reversed. Example: “People should live to eat, not eat to live.”

EUPHEMISM: A figure of speech in which an inoffensive term is substituted for one considered offensively explicit. Example: "We're teaching our toddler how to go potty,"

HYPERBOLE: A figure of speech in which an extravagant statement is used for the purpose of emphasis or heightened effect. Example: “I have a ton of things to do.”

IRONY: A figure of speech in which the use of words convey the opposite of their literal meaning. Also, a statement or situation where the meaning is contradicted by the appearance or presentation of the idea. Example: "Oh, I love spending big bucks," said the penny pincher.

LITOTES: A figure of speech consisting of an understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by negating its opposite. Example: “A million dollars is no small chunk of change.”

METAPHOR: A figure of speech in which an implied comparison between two dissimilar things have something in common. Example: "All the world's a stage."

METONYMY: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated; also, the rhetorical strategy of describing something indirectly by referring to things around it.
Example: "That suit with the briefcase is a poor excuse for a salesman.”

ONOMATOPOEIA: A figure of speech in which the use of words imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. Example: “The clap of thunder went bang and scared my poor dog.”

OXYMORON: A figure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by side. Example: "He popped the jumbo shrimp in his mouth."

PARADOX: A figure of speech in which a statement appears to contradict itself. Example: "This is the beginning of the end," said Karen, always the pessimist expecting the worst.

PERSONIFICATION: A figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities.
Example: “That kitchen knife will take a bite out of your hand.”

PUN: A figure of speech that is a play on words, sometimes on different senses of the same word and sometimes on the similar sense or sound of different words. Example: "A boiled egg every morning is hard to beat."

SIMILE: A figure of speech in which a stated comparison (usually formed with "like" or "as") between two fundamentally dissimilar things that have certain qualities in common. Example: “She was white as a sheet after she walked out of the horror movie.”

SYNECDOCHE: A figure of speech in which a part is used to represent the whole. Example: “My child is learning her ABC's in preschool.”

UNDERSTATEMENT: A figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is. Example: "You could say Babe Ruth was a decent ballplayer.”


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A BEAUTIFULLY CRAFTED OBSCURE WORD
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  • Beautifully Obscure Words
    • Tracing the Etymology of a Word
    • Typing the Typeface of Writing Types
    • WORD LIST: Feelings and Emotions >
      • FEATURE: Our Capacity for Love
    • FEATURED WORD LIST COLLECTIONS
    • BEAUTIFUL WORD LISTS
    • WORD LIST: Translating Your World >
      • Index of Untranslatable Words (Alphabetical)
  • WORD LIST: Rolling Log of Beautiful Words
  • WORD LIST: The Languages From Around the World
    • FEATURE: Words of the World >
      • DEFINING LOVE with a French Romance >
        • Fantastic Flair of Everyday French - Nature
  • IT’S ABOUT TIME! Website Housekeeping
    • FULL SITE INDEX - SITEMAP - All the Beautiful Words
    • A SERIES OF BEAUTIFUL WORDS - My Vocabulary Books and Blogs >
      • Download - The Logophile Lexicon - Words About Words
  • WORD LIST: People, Places and Things
    • To Sleep Perchance to Dream
  • WRITING SYSTEMS