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PHOBIA LIBRARY
Read up on fear, panic and phobia to get a general overview of phobias and trauma and fear management. Learn mindfulness based self care principles and exercises for managing phobias from my books on trauma and self care.
JUMP TO A CHAPTER
Fear | Function | Thought | Treatment | Coping
For Help See: Fear in the Brain | Fear Dictionary
Fear | Function | Thought | Treatment | Coping
For Help See: Fear in the Brain | Fear Dictionary
THE LIBRARY TOPIC HOME PAGES
Introduction to Trauma, Fear and Phobia
Part 1: Defining Fear and the Fear Response
Part 2: Emotional & Cognitive Functions of Fear
Part 3: Maladaptive Thought Processing
Part 4: Professional Therapy & Mindful Self Care
THE PHOBIA COLLECTION DOWNLOADS
Browse Collection of Phobias by Topic
Download Collection of Phobias
Download Dictionary of Fear and Phobia
Download Self Care Guides for Coping
Introduction to Trauma, Fear and Phobia
Part 1: Defining Fear and the Fear Response
Part 2: Emotional & Cognitive Functions of Fear
Part 3: Maladaptive Thought Processing
Part 4: Professional Therapy & Mindful Self Care
THE PHOBIA COLLECTION DOWNLOADS
Browse Collection of Phobias by Topic
Download Collection of Phobias
Download Dictionary of Fear and Phobia
Download Self Care Guides for Coping
PART TWO - FUNCTIONS
BRAIN FUNCTIONS OF FEAR
MEMORY & EMOTION
Articles defining the structure and characteristics of the emotional center (emotions, feelings, stressors, triggers) and the memory functions that affect fear, phobia, anxiety and panic
BRAIN FUNCTIONS DIRECTORY
Function of Memory
Download the Dictionary of the Mind and Brain for help on the terms in this section
See Also
Structural Functions of the Brain
Neuroplasticity (Rewiring Your Brain)
RELATED SELF CARE GUIDES BY KAIROS
View All Downloads
Phobia Home | Library Home | Topic Home
- Mind Your Memory and Processes of Fear
- Memory Effects on Other Functions
- Memory Types Serve Different Functions
- Role of Emotions & Emotional Responses
- Characteristics of the Emotion of Fear
- Feeling the Feelings
- Defining the Feelings of Fear
- Feelings You Can’t Define
Download the Dictionary of the Mind and Brain for help on the terms in this section
See Also
Structural Functions of the Brain
Neuroplasticity (Rewiring Your Brain)
RELATED SELF CARE GUIDES BY KAIROS
View All Downloads
- Uncovering the Traumatized Brain
- Riding the Crazy Train of Emotions
- Promoting Mindful Self Care
- Principles of Mindfulness for the Soul
- All Brain and Mind Glossaries
Phobia Home | Library Home | Topic Home
ALL CONTENT PROVIDED BY MY BOOKS ON MINDFUL SELF CARE FOR TRAUMA AND FEAR
Download for Free Here
Download for Free Here
MIND YOUR MEMORY
MEMORY EFFECTS ON BRAIN FUNCTIONS
MEMORY EFFECTS OF ATTENTION
In cue utilization theory, high levels of arousal - like from fear - will lead to attention narrowing which is defined as a decrease in the range of cues from the stimulus and environment to which the person is sensitive. Attention will be focused primarily on the arousing details (cues) of the stimulus. Information related to emotional arousal will be encoded while peripheral details will not.
The presence of emotionally arousing stimuli results in enhanced memory for central details (details key to the appearance or meaning of the emotional stimuli). Impaired memory is found to be in the peripheral details. For example, the weapon focus effect shows witnesses to a crime tend to remember the gun or knife in great detail but not other details such as the criminal’s clothing or car.
Emotional elements also appear more likely to be processed when attention is limited, suggesting a prioritized processing of emotional details. This effect is seen in the attentional blink paradigm in which 2 items are presented in close proximity within a stream of rapidly presented stimuli.
Findings show that participants often miss the second target item like there was a "blink" of attention following the first item’s presentation. This reduces the likelihood that the second target stimulus is noticed. However, when the second target item elicits emotional arousal, participants are less likely to miss the item’s presentation. This suggests that under conditions of limited attention, arousal items are more likely to be processed than neutral ones
MEMORY EFFECTS OF AROUSAL
Emotional arousal appears to increase the likelihood of memory consolidation during the retention or storage stage of memory (the process of creating a permanent record of the encoded data). Over time, memories with neutral stimuli decrease but memories for arousing stimuli remain the same or improve. Memory enhancements for emotional information are greater after longer delays than after short ones. This delayed effect means that emotionally arousing memories are more likely to be converted whereas memories for non arousing events become vulnerable to disruption.
Memory is not a perfect processor, and is affected by many factors. Corruption can occur when information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. The amount of attention given new stimuli can diminish the amount of information that becomes encoded for storage. Also, the storage process can become corrupted by physical damage to the hippocampus. The retrieval of information from long-term memory can be disrupted because of decay within long-term memory. Normal functioning, decay over time, and brain damage all affect the accuracy and capacity of the memory.
MEMORY EFFECTS OF MOOD
Our current mood affects what is encoded and ultimately retrieved. Positive encoding contexts have been connected to activity in the right fusiform gyrus. Negative encoding contexts have been related to activity in the right amygdala. It is not clear whether encoding memory differs for positive or negative emotions, or whether moods affect activity in the positive or negative neural networks. The mood congruence effect refers to the tendency of people retrieving information more easily when it has the same emotional content as their current emotional state.
Mood congruence is when we remember events that match our current mood (thus, when we're depressed, we tend to remember negative events). Mood dependence refers to the fact that remembering is easier when your mood at retrieval matches your mood at encoding (thus, your chances of remembering an event or fact are greater if you evoke the emotional state you were in at the time of experiencing the event or learning the fact). An interesting issue in the study of emotion is the degree to which what we feel is influenced by our expression of it. Does a person who conceals what they are feeling feel as deeply as a person who openly displays their emotion? Does the expression of emotion, in itself, affect what we feel?
Being in a depressed mood increases the tendency to remember negative events. The retrieval of information is more effective when the emotional state at the time of retrieval is similar to the emotional state at the time of encoding. This means that the probability of remembering an event can be enhanced by evoking the emotional state experienced during its initial processing.
Remembering is easier when your mood matches the mood you were in when experiencing/learning the information The stronger the emotions aroused, the greater the effect on memory. Emotions can be evoked, or minimized, by displaying or suppressing expressions of emotion Different emotional states may impair or help memory, for different memory tasks.
The way people go about controlling their reactions to emotional events does seem to affect their memory of the event. People shown a video of an emotional event and instructed not to let their emotions show were found to have a poor memory for what was said and done than did those who were given no such instructions. However, as with emotional content, we cannot simply say that emotional state affects memory. The nature of the emotion being felt is also important. We cannot simply say, for example, that anxiety impairs memory and happiness improves it.
In cue utilization theory, high levels of arousal - like from fear - will lead to attention narrowing which is defined as a decrease in the range of cues from the stimulus and environment to which the person is sensitive. Attention will be focused primarily on the arousing details (cues) of the stimulus. Information related to emotional arousal will be encoded while peripheral details will not.
The presence of emotionally arousing stimuli results in enhanced memory for central details (details key to the appearance or meaning of the emotional stimuli). Impaired memory is found to be in the peripheral details. For example, the weapon focus effect shows witnesses to a crime tend to remember the gun or knife in great detail but not other details such as the criminal’s clothing or car.
Emotional elements also appear more likely to be processed when attention is limited, suggesting a prioritized processing of emotional details. This effect is seen in the attentional blink paradigm in which 2 items are presented in close proximity within a stream of rapidly presented stimuli.
Findings show that participants often miss the second target item like there was a "blink" of attention following the first item’s presentation. This reduces the likelihood that the second target stimulus is noticed. However, when the second target item elicits emotional arousal, participants are less likely to miss the item’s presentation. This suggests that under conditions of limited attention, arousal items are more likely to be processed than neutral ones
MEMORY EFFECTS OF AROUSAL
Emotional arousal appears to increase the likelihood of memory consolidation during the retention or storage stage of memory (the process of creating a permanent record of the encoded data). Over time, memories with neutral stimuli decrease but memories for arousing stimuli remain the same or improve. Memory enhancements for emotional information are greater after longer delays than after short ones. This delayed effect means that emotionally arousing memories are more likely to be converted whereas memories for non arousing events become vulnerable to disruption.
Memory is not a perfect processor, and is affected by many factors. Corruption can occur when information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. The amount of attention given new stimuli can diminish the amount of information that becomes encoded for storage. Also, the storage process can become corrupted by physical damage to the hippocampus. The retrieval of information from long-term memory can be disrupted because of decay within long-term memory. Normal functioning, decay over time, and brain damage all affect the accuracy and capacity of the memory.
MEMORY EFFECTS OF MOOD
Our current mood affects what is encoded and ultimately retrieved. Positive encoding contexts have been connected to activity in the right fusiform gyrus. Negative encoding contexts have been related to activity in the right amygdala. It is not clear whether encoding memory differs for positive or negative emotions, or whether moods affect activity in the positive or negative neural networks. The mood congruence effect refers to the tendency of people retrieving information more easily when it has the same emotional content as their current emotional state.
Mood congruence is when we remember events that match our current mood (thus, when we're depressed, we tend to remember negative events). Mood dependence refers to the fact that remembering is easier when your mood at retrieval matches your mood at encoding (thus, your chances of remembering an event or fact are greater if you evoke the emotional state you were in at the time of experiencing the event or learning the fact). An interesting issue in the study of emotion is the degree to which what we feel is influenced by our expression of it. Does a person who conceals what they are feeling feel as deeply as a person who openly displays their emotion? Does the expression of emotion, in itself, affect what we feel?
Being in a depressed mood increases the tendency to remember negative events. The retrieval of information is more effective when the emotional state at the time of retrieval is similar to the emotional state at the time of encoding. This means that the probability of remembering an event can be enhanced by evoking the emotional state experienced during its initial processing.
Remembering is easier when your mood matches the mood you were in when experiencing/learning the information The stronger the emotions aroused, the greater the effect on memory. Emotions can be evoked, or minimized, by displaying or suppressing expressions of emotion Different emotional states may impair or help memory, for different memory tasks.
The way people go about controlling their reactions to emotional events does seem to affect their memory of the event. People shown a video of an emotional event and instructed not to let their emotions show were found to have a poor memory for what was said and done than did those who were given no such instructions. However, as with emotional content, we cannot simply say that emotional state affects memory. The nature of the emotion being felt is also important. We cannot simply say, for example, that anxiety impairs memory and happiness improves it.
MORE ON BRAIN FUNCTIONS
This content is provided for informational purposes only. Author is not a medical professional. Talk to your doctor to determine what therapy is right for you.
Self care techniques are meant to supplement professional treatment not replace it.
DISCLAIMER OF THE LEARNING LIBRARY
Self care techniques are meant to supplement professional treatment not replace it.
DISCLAIMER OF THE LEARNING LIBRARY
BROWSE PHOBIA COLLECTION
Phobia collection is presented in eight themed parts
VIEW LIST INDEX or JUMP TO A PART
PART [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ]
PHOBIA COLLECTION BY TOPIC
common ~ abstract ~ ordinary ~ bizarre ~ catastrophic ~ psyche ~ icky - academic ~ knowledge ~ education ~ literary ~ art ~ music ~ religion ~ political ~ law ~ order military ~ war ~ discrimination ~ science ~ chemical ~ energy ~ time ~ numbers ~ technology ~ nature ~ environment ~ astronomy ~ weather ~ geography ~ people ~ family ~ community ~ anatomy ~ medical ~ disease ~ emotions ~ senses ~ sensations ~ movement ~ conditions~ love ~ relationships ~ sexuality ~ lifestyle ~ places ~ events ~ objects ~ clothing ~ tools ~ vehicles ~ home ~ cooking ~ food ~ entertainment ~ sports ~ recreation ~ toys ~ games ~ monsters ~ characters ~ spooky ~ nightmares ~ delusional ~ joke ~ fiction
DOWNLOAD PONDERING THE PHOBIA
Now Available for Download for Offline Reading
All the phobias in one download. Browse by both topic/subject and by alphabetized list
Download/Share: http://bit.ly/ponderingphobia
OTHER PHOBIA AND FEAR DOWNLOADS:
Dictionary of Trauma, Phobia and Fear
Self Care Guides for Fear & Phobias
common ~ abstract ~ ordinary ~ bizarre ~ catastrophic ~ psyche ~ icky - academic ~ knowledge ~ education ~ literary ~ art ~ music ~ religion ~ political ~ law ~ order military ~ war ~ discrimination ~ science ~ chemical ~ energy ~ time ~ numbers ~ technology ~ nature ~ environment ~ astronomy ~ weather ~ geography ~ people ~ family ~ community ~ anatomy ~ medical ~ disease ~ emotions ~ senses ~ sensations ~ movement ~ conditions~ love ~ relationships ~ sexuality ~ lifestyle ~ places ~ events ~ objects ~ clothing ~ tools ~ vehicles ~ home ~ cooking ~ food ~ entertainment ~ sports ~ recreation ~ toys ~ games ~ monsters ~ characters ~ spooky ~ nightmares ~ delusional ~ joke ~ fiction
DOWNLOAD PONDERING THE PHOBIA
Now Available for Download for Offline Reading
All the phobias in one download. Browse by both topic/subject and by alphabetized list
Download/Share: http://bit.ly/ponderingphobia
OTHER PHOBIA AND FEAR DOWNLOADS:
Dictionary of Trauma, Phobia and Fear
Self Care Guides for Fear & Phobias
Library articles provided by my series Healing the PTSD Mind and my series on mindfulness based self care Be Mindful Be Well. The books are written from a trauma perspective. Content applies to fear, phobias and panic. Learn self care treatments with mindfulness techniques.
BE MINDFUL. BE WELL.
Books copyright 2021 by By Kairos
BE MINDFUL. BE WELL.
Books copyright 2021 by By Kairos
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Words are also posted on twitter under the hashtags #beautifulwords and #wordoftheday and shared visually on pinterest bulletin boards
ABOUT SITE | SITEMAPS | SEARCH | FEEDBACK
Content by Kairos ~ @kairosoflife
Homepage | Portfolio | Contact
Original content © 2021 Copyright, Kairos
