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​SEE ALSO: -​PHILE | -PHOBIA | -MANIA

A TABLE SET FOR THOUGHTS & BELIEFS
​-ISM

A TABLE SET WITH -ISM BELIEF SYSTEMS
There are a Lot of ISMs In Here!

KNOWLEDGE and PHILOSOPHY
BELIEF SYSTEMS

KEY TERMS


EPISTEMOLOGY - describes the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature and scope of knowledge. It is also referred to as "belief of knowledge" and questions what knowledge is and how it can be acquired, and the extent to which knowledge pertinent to any given subject or entity can be acquired.

INTELLECTUALISM - belief that knowledge is sufficient for excellence and a person will do what is right as a result of understanding what is right; sometimes also called Socraticism, rationalism, logicism, or scholasticism.

LOGICISM - an over-emphasis on logical and technical issues in philosophy, as well as a denial of humanism and human values.

RATIONALISM - overly deductive and attempts to mold reality to fit its theories rather than the other way around.

CYNICISM - those who choose not to believe in human sincerity, virtue, or altruism and that self-interest motivates human behavior. A cynic has a contemptuous attitude towards social norms, rituals, and dismiss popular beliefs, conventional morality, and accepted wisdom as obsolete or nonsense.

BELIEF SYSTEMS


Academicism - belief that nothing can be known

Accidentalism - belief that events do not have causes

Agnosticism - belief that we can know nothing beyond material phenomena

Anthropomorphism - attribution of human qualities to non-human things

Collectivism - belief of communal control of means of production

Conceptualism - belief that universal truths exist as mental concepts

Constructivism - belief that knowledge and reality do not have an objective value
Cosmism - belief that the cosmos is a self-existing whole

Deconstructionism - school and methods of criticism aimed at understanding the assumptions and ideas that form the basis for thought and belief.

Determinism - belief that events are predetermined by preceding events or laws

Dogmatism - belief that emphasizes rigid adherence to doctrine over rational and enlightened inquiry.

Empiricism - belief that all knowledge ultimately comes from experience, denying the notion of innate ideas or a priori knowledge about the world

Existentialism - movement that views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary. They cannot be reduced to or explained by a scientific approach.

Experimentalism - philosophy that uses data obtained from experiments in order to ascertain the integrity of an idea or proposed concept.

Fallibilism - the belief that empirical knowledge is uncertain

Fatalism - belief that events are fixed and humans are powerless

Finalism - belief that an end has or can be reached

Gnosticism - belief that freedom derives solely from knowledge

Gradualism - belief that things proceed by degrees

Hedonism - belief that pleasure is the highest good

Henism - belief belief that there is only one kind of existence

Historicism - belief that all phenomena are historically determined

Holism belief that parts of any thing must be understood in relation to the whole

Idealism - belief that our experiences of the world consist of ideas

Identism - belief that objective and subjective, or matter and mind, are identical
Ignorantism belief that ignorance is a favorable thing

Illusionism - belief that the external world is merely an illusion; a radical kind of phenomenalism associated with certain forms of pessimism.

Laxism - belief that an unlikely opinion may be safely followed

Mentalism - belief that the world can be explained as aspect of the mind

Monadism - belief that there exist ultimate units of being

Monism - belief that all things can be placed in one category

Nativism - belief that the mind possesses inborn thoughts

Necessarianism - belief that actions are determined by prior history; fatalism

Nihilism - denial of all reality; extreme scepticism

Nominalism - belief that naming of things defines reality

Objectivism - belief that all reality is objective

Phenomenalism - belief that phenomena are the only realities

Pluralism - belief that reality consists of several kinds or entities

Predestinarianism - belief that whatever is to happen is already fixed

Probabiliorism - belief that when in doubt one must choose most likely answer

Psychomorphism - belief that inanimate objects have human mentality

Pyrrhonism - total or radical skepticism

Rationalism - belief that reason is the fundamental source of knowledge

Realism - belief that objects of cognition are real

Reductionism - belief that complex phenomena are reducible to simple ones

Representationalism - belief that ideas rather than external objects are basis of knowledge

Sensationalism - belief that ideas originate solely in sensation

Skepticism - belief that true knowledge is always uncertain

Stoicism - belief in indifference to pleasure or pain

Transcendentalism - belief that emphasizes that which transcends perception

Tuism - belief that individuals have a second or other self

Tychism - belief that accepts role of pure chance

Voluntarism - belief that the will dominates the intellect

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