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​IN TECH TOWN

Learn to navigate technology with definitions of terms you may or may not know or those you may be curious about. Technology is universally relevant.
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​Socializing the Media - Glossary of Social Media
Just Ask Jeeves - Defining the Internet
Weaving the Web - Web. Development Terms
The Elusive Semicolon - Dictionary of Code
Rotating the Relational Database Terms
Tech Terms Tuesday - All About Technology
Weird Science - Scientific Phobias
Back Away from The Computer - Tech Phobias

The Elusive Comma
​Glossary of Programming Code


​Agile Software Development: A methodology that calls for keeping code simple, testing often, and delivering small, functional bits of an application when they are ready (called “Sprints”).

AJAX: stands for “Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.” AJAX is not a programming language but a set of web development techniques utilizing many web technologies on the client-side in order to create asynchronous web applications. Ajax allows for website pages to dynamically change content without needing to reload the entire page.

Algorithm: An algorithm is a set of instructions or rules designed to solve a definite problem.

API: Application Programming Interface (API) is a set of rules, routines, and protocols to build software applications.

Argument: Argument or arg is a value that is passed into a command or a function. For example, if EX is a function that returns the square of a number, then EX(4) will return 16.

Array: Arrays are lists or group of similar type of data values that are grouped. All values in the array are of the same data type and are only differentiated by their position in the array.

ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interexchange (ASCII) is a standard that assigns letters, numbers and other characters different slots, available in the 8-bit code. The total number of slots available is 256. The ASCII decimal number is binary, which is assigned to each letter, number, and character.

Backend: Backend is another term used for background in programming. A backend task is the one that is performed in the background with the user’s direct interaction.

Boolean: A Boolean expression or Boolean logic is an expression used for creating statements that are either TRUE or FALSE. Boolean expressions use AND, OR, XOR, NOT and NOR operators.

Bootstrap: An intuitive and powerful front end framework that is an open-source collection of tools for creating websites and web applications.

Bug: A bug is a general term used to denote an unexpected error or defect in hardware or software, which causes it to malfunction.

Build: Refers to the process by which source code is converted into a stand-alone form that can be run on a computer or the form itself. Builds are created once a certain point in development has been reached or the code is deemed ready for implementation for testing or release.

Cascading Style Sheet: standard markup language that describes the formatting of markup language pages. Before CSS, websites were kept in HTML markup, making the process more complex. CSS is a frontend language that enables developers to separate content and visual elements for better page control and flexibility.

Char: Character (char) is a display unit of information equal to one alphabetic letter or symbol. The value of a char variable could be any one character value, such as ‘a’, ‘1’, ‘$’ and ‘X’.

Class: In Object-Oriented programming, a class refers to a set of related objects with common properties.

Code: Code or source code is a term used to describe a written set of instructions, written using the protocols of a particular language.

Command line interface: Command line interface is a user interface based on the text. The UI is used to view and manage computer files.

Compilation: The process of creating an executable program through code written in a compiled programming language is called compilation. Through compiling, the computer can understand and run the program without using the programming software used to create it.

Conditionals: Conditionals, conditional statements, and conditional expressions are features of programming language, which help the code make a choice and result in either TRUE or FALSE.

Constants: A constant (also known as Const) is a term used to describe a value that does not change throughout the execution of the program, unlike a variable.

Database: A computer database management system refers to the storage and organization of data. Databases are used for easy retrieval of information.

Data structure: a specialized way of organizing and storing information on a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Data structures can implement particular abstract data types (ADT), as a means of specifying the contract of operations and their complexity.

Data types: A data type is the classification of a particular type of data. The computer uses internal codes to distinguish between different types of data it receives and processes. Most common data types include integer type which are numbers and floating point number data type which are decimal based numbers.

Declaration: A statement which describes a variable, function or any other identifier is called a declaration. A declaration helps the compiler or interpreter identify the word and understand its meaning, and how the process should be continued.

Deployment: Software is deployed when all of the activities that make a software system available for use are complete, tested, and ready for users.

Endless loop: An endless loop or infinite loop is a continuous repetition of a program snippet, which is infinite. This occurs because of conditional operators and functions redirecting the code back to the snippet, making it infinite.

Exception: A special, unexpected and anomalous condition encountered during the execution of a program is known as an exception. It can also be termed as an error or a condition which alters the way of the program or the microprocessor to a different path.

Expression: An expression is a legal grouping of letters, symbols, and numbers being used to represent the value of one or more variables. Expressions are used in a number of programming languages and many other programs, with each having its own set of legal and illegal expressions. Every expression contains one or more operands (objects being manipulated) and operators (symbols representing actions).

Framework: Framework in programming is a foundation with a specified level of complexity that may be altered by the programmer, making use of their code. A framework might include different software libraries, APIs, compilers and much more.

Front-end: The Front-end is the user interface of a computer or any device. For example, any operating system provides the users with the ease of navigation.

Hardcode: in computer programming, the term hard code or hardcode is used to describe code that is not likely to change. Hardcoded features are built into hardware or software in such a way so that they cannot be modified later on.

High-level language: A high-level language (HLL) is a programming language that lets the developer write programs regardless of the nature or type of computer. High-level languages include BASIC, C, C++, Pascal, Prolog and FORTRAN.

Iteration: Iteration is the process to repeat a particular snippet of code over and over again to perform a certain action.

Keywords: Words that are reserved by a programming language or a program as they have special meaning. These keywords are reserved to perform certain tasks, and they can be either commands or parameters.

Local Environment: The local environment or development environment is where changes to software are developed before they go live. Once code has been tested, it is pushed out of the local environment and deployed to production.

Loop: A loop is a sequence of instructions that repeat the same process over and over until a condition is met and it receives the order to stop.

Low-level language: A low-level language is a language that is very close to machine language and provides a little abstraction of programming concepts. Low-level languages are closer to the hardware than human languages. The most common examples of low-level languages are assembly and machine code.

Machine language: Also known as machine code, machine language is a lowest-level programming language consisting of binary digits or bits that are read by computers. Machine language is the only language understood by computers. As it consists of only numbers, they cannot be comprehended by humans.

Markup language: A markup language is a relatively simple language that consists of easily understood keywords and tags, used to format the overall view of the page and its contents. Most common markup languages are Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).

Modularity: is reusing the code or dividing the code in modules instead of writing it in one full block. It is considered as a good practice as this not only allows reusability of code but as well as lets making changes into some specific section of code without affecting other sections. Object-oriented programming is a way to support modularity by dividing works into classes

Null: Null defines the lack of any value at all. A null character is a programming code, which represents a character with no value, missing value or the end of a character string.

Objects: An object is a combination of related variables, constants and other data structures which can be selected and manipulated together.

Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS): database management system that is similar to a relational database, except that it has an object-oriented database model. This system supports objects, classes, and inheritance in database schemas and query language; and is the middle ground between relational and objective databases.

Object-Oriented Programming: Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a model defined by programmers that revolve around objects and data rather than ‘actions’ and ‘logic’. In OOP the data type of a data structure is defined, as well as the types of functions that can be applied to it. Languages that use OOP concepts are Java, Python, C++, and Ruby.

Open-source software: software that is available for public use. During open-source software development, developers can work on products whose source code is under an open-source license encouraging developers from around the world to study, change, and improve the design of the software. Popular open-source software includes WordPress and Mozilla Firefox.

Operand: An operand is a term used to represent the objects which can be manipulated using different operators.

Operator: An operator is a term used to denote the object which can manipulate different operands.

PHP: a widely used server-side scripting language designed to create dynamic and interactive HTML web pages. PHP adds functionality that HTML alone can not achieve. PHP is huge and runs on platforms like Facebook and Wikipedia.

PostgresSQL: an open source object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on data integrity and on standards-compliance. Often referred to as Postgres and has high scalability

Python: widely used, general-purpose, high-level programming language designed to emphasize code readability. Python syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C++ or Java.

React (aka– React.js or ReactJS): an open-source JavaScript library maintained by Facebook that provides a view for HTML data or user interfaces. React is a favorite technology among developers as it allows for increased development speed with trendy techniques.

Ruby: dynamic, general-purpose, open source programming language focused on simplicity and productivity. Ruby on Rails is a framework that uses Ruby code to produce web applications.

Ruby on rails: a full stack web application framework that uses the Ruby programming language. It allows developers to write less code by accomplishing more.

Structured Query Language (SQL): a programming language specific for information housed in a relational database management system (RDBMS).

Xcode: an integrated development environment (IDE) that contains a suite of software development tools by Apple for macOS, iOS, WatchOS, and tvOS.

XML or Extensible Markup Language: defines a set of rules for encoding documents in human and machine-readable formats. XML is unlike HTML in that it allows for documents to display in a variety of additional formats outside of just a web browser

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